Which of the following minors does not require parental consent to be treated for substance abuse or mental illness?

The correct answer indicates that a minor aged 16 or older who has no parent or guardian does not require parental consent to be treated for substance abuse or mental illness. This aligns with many state laws and regulations that recognize the autonomy of older minors, particularly in situations concerning mental health and substance abuse. The rationale behind this is to ensure that young individuals in difficult circumstances, such as living independently without parental support, can access necessary care without barriers that could be posed by seeking parental consent.

Younger minors, such as those aged 12 or younger, typically require parental consent for treatment due to their developmental stage and the legal understanding that parents or guardians are primarily responsible for these types of health decisions. Similarly, minors who are 17 and living with a parent would still require consent from that parent for procedures related to mental health or substance abuse, as they are under the care of an adult guardian.

In summary, the ability for a 16-year-old minor without parental or guardian presence to consent to their own treatment reflects a legal framework designed to protect their health and well-being in situations where parental involvement may not be possible or appropriate.